Lead is a bluish-gray
metal used in many household and industrial items. It was added to paint
to improve its durability and drying characteristics. In 1955, the industry
adopted a voluntary standard limiting lead content in paint to no more
than one percent by weight. This was gradually reduced and in 1978,
the federal government banned lead paint altogether. Nevertheless, it
is estimated that lead-based paint is still present in 64 million homes
today (approximately three-quarters of the housing in the United States
built before 1978). This paint poses little risk if it is left alone
and is in good condition. People originally believed that lead exposure
was limited to children chewing on window sills. It has been documented,
however, that a greater exposure results from remodeling activities.
Scientific research
has found that exposure to lead in dust is the most common way young
children become lead poisoned. Therefore, the new regulation requires
dust testing after paint is disturbed to make sure the home is lead-safe.
Specific requirements depend on whether the housing is being disposed
of or assisted by the federal government, and also the type and amount
of financial assistance, the age of the structure, and whether the dwelling
is rental or owner-occupied.
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